Internal medicine's subspecialty of pulmonary medicine focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses affecting the respiratory system, which includes the lungs, upper airways, chest wall, and thoracic cavity. Although general internists and other specialists treat the majority of common respiratory issues, pulmonary internists (often referred to as "pulmonologists") are frequently asked to assist in the diagnosis of unknown illnesses and the management of challenging, unusual, or complex diseases of the respiratory system. Detecting and preventing occupational and environmental causes of lung disease, as well as structural, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic problems of the lung parenchyma, pleura, and airways, are all areas of specialization for pulmonologists.
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